Não consigo ler dispositivos externos (HD, pendrive, cartão de memória etc)

Antes de colocar o cartão:
Nov 24 07:50:43 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC kernel: [ 1035.243873] perf samples too long (5005 > 5000), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 25000
Nov 24 07:58:15 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC anacron[965]: Job `cron.daily' terminated (mailing output)
Nov 24 07:58:15 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC anacron[965]: Can't find sendmail at /usr/sbin/sendmail, not mailing output
Nov 24 07:58:15 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC anacron[965]: Normal exit (1 job run)
Nov 24 08:07:04 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC wpa_supplicant[793]: message repeated 11 times: [ wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SCAN-STARTED ]
Nov 24 08:07:05 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC wpa_supplicant[793]: nl80211: send_and_recv->nl_recvmsgs failed: -33
Nov 24 08:09:04 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC wpa_supplicant[793]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SCAN-STARTED
Nov 24 08:17:01 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC CRON[4041]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)

depois de colocar o cartão:

Nov 24 08:50:51 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC dbus[692]: [system] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.hostname1' (using servicehelper)
Nov 24 08:50:52 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC kernel: [ 4645.316272] systemd-hostnamed[4711]: Warning: nss-myhostname is not installed. Changing the local hostname might make it unresolveable. Please install nss-myhostname!
Nov 24 08:50:52 fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC dbus[692]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.hostname1'

Fernando, tem um buraco no log de 9 minutos entre antes de depois de inserir o cartão. Vamos tentar pelo comando "dmesg". Utilize este comando logo após adicionar o cartão:

dmesg

Então vc copia as ultimas linhas...acho que umas 20 linhas é suficiente. Enquanto isso eu vou realizar um teste com cartão no meu notebook, e verificar qual o grupo de acesso necessário para utilizar o dispositivo.

coloquei o cartão, dei o comando, as últimas linhas são:

[10578.269646] ata6.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:04:00:00:00:b0 (SET FEATURES) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10578.269653] ata6.00: configured for UDMA/100
[10580.925494] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
[10580.926755] ata1.00: ACPI cmd 00/00:00:00:00:00:a0 (NOP) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.930949] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:01:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.931240] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:02:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[10580.931244] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:03:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) filtered out
[10580.931547] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:04:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.931832] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:05:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.934381] ata1.00: ACPI cmd 00/00:00:00:00:00:a0 (NOP) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.934669] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:01:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.934673] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:03:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) filtered out
[10580.934937] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:04:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.935187] ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:05:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) rejected by device (Stat=0x51 Err=0x04)
[10580.935414] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/100
[10580.949497] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Starting disk
[10581.002625] PM: resume of devices complete after 3086.681 msecs
[10581.002827] PM: Finishing wakeup.
[10581.002931] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: no hotplug settings from platform
[10581.003085] r8169 0000:03:00.0: no hotplug settings from platform
[10581.003184] pci 0000:03:00.1: no hotplug settings from platform
[10581.003240] sdhci-pci 0000:03:00.2: no hotplug settings from platform
[10581.002828] Restarting tasks ... done.
[10581.289821] video LNXVIDEO:00: Restoring backlight state
[10582.290443] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement)
[10582.290460] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_config: change power-save mode: false (implement)
[10582.291558] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
[10582.305849] r8169 0000:03:00.0 eth0: link down
[10582.306116] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[10583.191437] wlan0: authenticate with 98:fc:11:df:d2:bb
[10583.191553] wlan0: send auth to 98:fc:11:df:d2:bb (try 1/3)
[10583.193101] wlan0: authenticated
[10583.193350] brcmsmac bcma0:0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use
[10583.194209] wlan0: associate with 98:fc:11:df:d2:bb (try 1/3)
[10583.202122] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 98:fc:11:df:d2:bb (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=3)
[10583.202779] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcmsmac: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: associated
[10583.202784] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: true (implement)
[10583.202797] wlan0: associated
[10583.202828] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready
[10583.555711] brcmsmac bcma0:0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: 1 addresses (implement)
fernando@fernando-HP-Pavilion-dv4-Notebook-PC:~$

Parece que o linux não carregou nenhum driver para o seu dispositivo de cartão. Para ter certeza utilize o comando abaixo, e copie as informações do seu dispositivo de cartão.

lspci -v

O que procuramos é a informação "kernel driver in use xxxxxx" que indicará qual driver está responsável pelo seu leitor. Abaixo vou colocar um exemplo referente ao meu dispositivo:

00:0d.3 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C592 Memory Stick Bus Host Adapter (rev 11)
Subsystem: Pegatron Device 2017
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 19
Memory at fd5f7800 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: r592
Kernel modules: r592


Vamos depurar a situação até encontrar o motivo do linux não reconhecer o cartão adicionado.

É algum destes 2?

03:00.1 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5288 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 140a
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 7
Memory at d5400000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [b0] MSI-X: Enable- Count=1 Masked-
Capabilities: [d0] Vital Product Data
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting


03:00.2 SD Host controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5288 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5288 PCI Express Card Reader
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16
Memory at d5410000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [90] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [b0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci